In the age of digital technology, traditional darkrooms (DRs) have seen a decline in usage among photographers (PGs). The transition to digital photography (DP) and advancements in post-processing software have revolutionized the industry, resulting in DRs being used less frequently. However, some PGs still embrace these red-lit sanctuaries for specific purposes. 

In this article, we delve into the world of DRs, their relevance in contemporary photography, and the factors contributing to their diminishing popularity.

Are Photographers Still Using Darkrooms?

The practice of using DRs has not entirely disappeared, and here are some reasons why photographers still prefer to use them:

• Film Enthusiasts: Many PGs, especially those passionate about film photography, continue to utilize DRs for developing and printing negatives. Film enthusiasts value the unique aesthetics and characteristics of traditional film, finding joy in the hands-on process of working in the darkroom;
• Alternative and Historical Processes: DRs serve as spaces for experimenting with alternative and historical processes. Techniques like cyanotypes, platinum/palladium prints, and other alternative processes are still employed by experts exploring these unique methods of image creation;
• Nostalgia and Artistic Choice: Even PGs primarily working in the digital format may occasionally turn to DRs for nostalgic or artistic reasons. The tactile sensations and hands-on nature of DR work can creatively inspire certain projects;
• Education and Preservation: Darkrooms are often found in educational institutions, where they are used to teach students the fundamentals of photography and the chemical processes related to film development and printing. Additionally, preserving knowledge of traditional DR techniques ensures that this art form is not lost to future generations;
• Specialized Printing: In some cases, DR printing may be preferred to execute specific artistic projects, especially when PGs aim to create one-of-a-kind prints with a unique appearance.

It’s important to note that the prevalence of DR usage may vary depending on geographic location, photography type, and individual photographer preferences. Overall, despite digital technologies becoming the primary method for taking pictures and post-processing, darkrooms continue to hold a special place in the hearts of those who cherish their historical significance and artistic possibilities.

Why Are Darkrooms Less Popular Today with Photographers?

The popularity of darkrooms among PGs has diminished primarily due to the widespread adoption of DP. Several factors contribute to this trend:

• Instant Results: Digital cameras provide instant feedback, allowing experts to review and assess their images immediately after capture. This instant gratification reduces the need for the time-consuming film development process in darkrooms;
• Cost and Efficiency: Establishing and maintaining a DR can be expensive and time-consuming. DP eliminates the need for film, chemicals, and darkroom equipment, making it a more cost-effective and efficient option for PGs;
• Expanded Post-Processing Capabilities: DP offers a plethora of post-processing tools and software such as Adobe Photoshop and Lightroom, allowing photographers to creatively manipulate their images. These tools replicate many DR techniques, providing convenience and flexibility in the editing process;
• Print Service Accessibility: Professional printing services and online platforms offer high-quality printing capabilities for digital PGs. Such accessibility reduces the need for photographers to print their own work in darkrooms, making the process more convenient and time-efficient;
• Environmental Considerations: Traditional darkroom printing involves the use of chemicals, which can be harmful to PGs and the environment. Transitioning to DP aligns with a broader movement towards eco-friendliness, reducing the environmental impact associated with darkroom use;
• The Learning Curve: Using a darkroom for photography requires specialized knowledge and skills that may take time and practice to master. With DP, photographers can achieve desired results in a shorter learning period with greater ease of use;
• Decline in Film Usage: The reduced demand for photo film naturally led to a reduction in the need for DRs. As more experts embrace digital technologies, darkrooms become less common;
• Workflow and Convenience: Digital workflows optimize the entire process – from shooting to sharing and distribution. PGs can easily edit, store, and distribute their images in digital format, eliminating the need for physical prints or negatives;
• Evolving Industry Standards: The industry has shifted its focus to digital formats, including online galleries, social media, and digital publications. These platforms favor digital images, making them more relevant and in demand.

While darkrooms hold nostalgic and artistic value for some PGs, the convenience, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of DP make it the preferred choice for most. As technology advances, the role of DRs in modern photography is likely to diminish.

Why Do Photographers Have a Darkroom?

Developing film in a darkroom is a traditional photographic process embraced by film enthusiasts and those seeking unique aesthetic qualities in their photos. This process involves several stages and takes place in controlled conditions with minimal lighting to prevent premature exposure of the photosensitive film:

• Loading the Film: The process begins in complete darkness or under dim red light. PGs load the exposed film into a developing tank or reel, ensuring it is securely wound and light-tight;
• Development: After loading, the film is submerged in a series of developing solutions, typically consisting of a film developer, a stop bath, and a fixer. The developer brings out the latent image recorded on the film, the stop bath halts the development process, and the fixer stabilizes the image, making it insensitive to light;
• Rinsing and Drying: Once the film has undergone the chemical development process, it is thoroughly rinsed to remove any residual chemicals. After rinsing, the film is carefully hung or placed in a drying cabinet to completely dry.

Printing Photos in a Darkroom

Printing photos in a darkroom involves creating physical prints from the negatives of developed film. To produce the final image, light is projected through the negatives onto photosensitive paper:

• Enlarger Setup: The darkroom is equipped with an enlarger – a device that projects light through the negatives onto the baseboard where the photosensitive paper is placed. Enlargement allows the photographer to control the size and focus of the projected image;
• Exposure: To create a print, a sheet of photosensitive paper is placed on the baseboard under the enlarger. The negative film is inserted into the enlarger’s holder, and the photographer adjusts the exposure time and focus to achieve the desired print;
• Dodging and Burning: During the printing process, PGs may employ techniques called dodging and burning to selectively adjust the exposure of specific areas of the print. Dodging involves shading or blocking to reduce exposure in certain areas while burning adds additional exposure to darken particular parts;
• Chemical Processing: After exposure, the photo paper undergoes a series of chemical treatments, including developer, stop bath, and fixer, to produce the final image and stabilize it;
• Rinsing and Drying: After chemical processing, the print is thoroughly rinsed to remove any residual chemicals, and carefully hung or laid out to dry.

Printing photos in a darkroom is a labor-intensive and artistic process that provides photographers with creative control over the final image. The use of red lighting in the darkroom ensures gentle treatment of light-sensitive materials, preserving print quality and allowing PGs to create captivating and expressive images.

Despite the dominance of DP in the modern era, printing in a darkroom remains a valuable practice for those who appreciate the craftsmanship and unique qualities it brings to photographs.

Conclusions

In today’s digital age, darkroom printing has seen a decline, but it remains a cherished practice among those who value its craftsmanship and unique qualities in photography. Digital technologies have revolutionized the industry, offering convenience and creative possibilities, making them popular among contemporary photographers.

Despite this shift, film photography enthusiasts and those who appreciate the hands-on experience of developing film continue to embrace darkrooms. They find value in the nostalgic charm and artistic expression that these traditional spaces provide.

The reduced use of darkrooms reflects the industry’s shift towards digital platforms and the availability of post-processing software and online printing services, offering photographers professional alternatives.

Although less common today, darkrooms hold symbolic significance, representing photography’s rich history and artistic legacy. Ultimately, the choice between darkroom and DP comes down to individual preferences, creative vision, and desired outcomes.

The true essence of photography lies in the passion, creativity, and dedication each artist brings to their work. As technology evolves, photography’s beauty thrives in its ability to inspire and adapt, irrespective of the chosen creative tools.